Which type of evaluation is often ongoing and helps guide real-time changes?

Formative evaluation is characterized by its ongoing nature and its focus on real-time feedback and improvement. This type of evaluation is conducted during the process of a program or training and is designed to assess how things are going while they are happening. It allows instructors, trainers, or coordinators to make immediate adjustments based on the feedback received, ensuring that the learning or operational process can be refined continuously for better outcomes.

For example, in the context of fire training, formative evaluations could involve observing trainees in real-time, collecting feedback from them, and then adapting the training methods on-the-fly to address areas of difficulty or confusion. This approach is essential for enhancing performance and ensuring that objectives are met effectively.

In contrast, summative evaluations typically occur at the end of a training period or project, focusing on the final product rather than ongoing improvements. Comparative evaluations look at differences between groups or scenarios rather than providing constructive, real-time feedback. Retrospective evaluations analyze completed actions or processes, reflecting on what has happened instead of facilitating immediate adjustments. Thus, formative evaluation stands out as the method most conducive to ongoing adaptive change and enhancement.