What type of evaluation is typically used for performance reviews?

The selection of summative evaluation as the correct answer underscores its primary role in performance reviews. Summative evaluations are typically conducted at the end of a specified period to assess the overall effectiveness of a program, individual, or initiative. This type of evaluation focuses on measuring the outcomes and results in a conclusive manner, making it highly suitable for performance reviews where the aim is to gauge an individual's competencies, achievements, and contributions over a defined timeframe.

In the context of performance reviews, summative evaluations help in determining if employees have met the set objectives and standards. They provide crucial feedback that informs future decisions regarding promotions, raises, or training needs, thus ensuring that organizational goals align with individual performance.

Other options, while valuable in their contexts, do not align as closely with the structured nature of performance reviews. Peer reviews focus on feedback from colleagues and are often used as part of a broader evaluation process rather than standing alone. Formative evaluations are ongoing assessments aimed at providing feedback during the learning process, allowing for adjustments to be made before final evaluations. Continuous assessments are designed to regularize evaluation over time, rather than culminating in a comprehensive review, which is more characteristic of summative evaluations.