What represents the formal part of the change process that monitors its effects?

The follow-up program is essential in the change management process as it systematically monitors and assesses the effects of a change after it has been implemented. This program typically involves collecting data, gathering feedback from stakeholders, and measuring outcomes against the set goals and objectives of the change initiative.

The follow-up program ensures that any unexpected issues are identified early, allowing for timely adjustments. It also helps in determining whether the change has delivered the desired results and supports continuous improvement by providing insights into what worked well and what needs further refinement.

While the other options may play significant roles in change management, they do not specifically emphasize the ongoing assessment and monitoring aspect that the follow-up program embodies. This focus is what makes the follow-up program a critical component of the formal change process.